INTERPRETING and TRANSLATION

Hello guys.. long time no see yah.. hari ini aku mau posting video tentang seorang guru dan seorang ayah , let's enjoy this videos, don't forget to comment ya guys , Thank you so much. HAVE A GOOD DAY :) Indonesia to English English to Indonesia Tugas Ujian Akhir

mid test

Hello guys….. in this post I will answer the questions from my lecturer, Questions : 1.What is Sociolinguistics ? 2.What do we learn Sociolinguistics? 3.What is the relation between language and society? 4.Please mention and explain the branches of linguistics ? 5.What is standard language? Giving an example ! 6.Elaborating the language, dialect and accent, please ! 7.Giving an example of formal language and informal language ! 8.What aspects of language are sociolinguistics interested in ? 9.When two or more people from different language met and tried to communicate, what should they do? a. Pidgin b. Creole c. Lingua franca 10.Why do people switch and mix language ? 11.Giving an example of code switching and code mixing ! Answers : •Sociolinguistics is the study of relationship between language and society. There are many definition of sociolinguistics according to expert , Huson (1996) he said Sociolinguistics is the study of language in relation to society and there are two type of sociolinguistics that is sociolinguistics and sociology of language. •The relation between language and society is tightly anchored, the relationship of the two is deeply rooted. Language performs various function in the society and the society does the same way. If one will not exist, the other one will be affected. •The branch of linguistics There are two that is applied linguistics and pure linguistics . applied linguistics is an interdisciplinary field of inquiry that address a broad range of language-related issues in order to understand their roles in the lives of individuals and conditions in society. Pure linguistics is relates with study about the language it self, it deals with study of word (morphology), study of pronunciation(phonology), structure or grammar. • Standard language is a dialect with an army, it is rarely the case that brutal force has been used to impose a standard language, although linguistics issues can arouse passion and occasionally violence. •Dialect is style of foreign language about pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar and accent is di pengaruhi oleh ucapannya dan tinggi rendahnya suara . •Example for formal and informal language Formal : it was raining very heavily Informal :it was raining cats and dogs Formal :during the interview students were asked about their experiences Informal :during the interview I asked students about their experiences •Seseorang yang menggunakan switch and mix language karena diantara bahasa mereka ada yang tidak terlalu di pahami jadi mereka menggunakan salah satu bahasa atau pun di campur bahasa satu dengan bahasa yang lain. • Code switching : A : selamat pagi ! B : gunaidin girls, did you study for today quiz? Code mixing : Hello, where are you go? Apakah kamu lihat teman I keluar from class ?

SOCIOLINGUISTICS (pidgins and creoles)

SOCIOLINGUISTICS (Pidgins and Creoles) Group 3 1. Jamal fadly 2. Nita prakasiwi 3. Siti Rafiah Pidgins is a simplified language that develops as a means of communication between two or more groups that do not have a common language. And Creoles is the language of a mixture of two or more languages that from can not be categorized into one of the original language. Questions 1. Give me more explanation about creoles and give me simple example. Example : bahasa ocu-campuran atara minang and malay ,creoles tidak aka nada apabila pidgins belum ada. And need process 2. As a candidate teachers what is the advantages by learning creoles and pidgins? We as a candidate teachers can make the students enjoy we must be teaching be teaching the students 3. What is the relationship between pidgins and creoles and sociolinguistics ? Karena itu merupakan bagian dari sociolinguistics ,pidgins is simple language,grammar,vocabulary Pidgins come from best on the colonial, perdagangan and small language and contact language ,kalimatnya terstruktur Contohnya ladyboy (hanya komunitas tertentu yang mengetahui bahasa mereka) Creoles is the mother tongue and complete the structure GOD BLESS US

SOCIOLINGUISTICS (Language Dialect and Varieties)

SOCIOLINGUISTICS (Language Dialect and Varieties) Group 2 1.Dikky Fradana 2.Feny Dwi Yanti 3.Susi Lestari Language is consist of dialect and accent and also language is an important means of communication. Dialect : pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar Accent : dipengaruhi oleh ucapannya, tinggi rendahnya suara. This is definition from expert ,Language also are many things it can be a system of communication, a medium for thought, vehicle for literary expression, a matter for political controversy, a catalyst for nation building (O’Grady and Dobrovolsky,1989) . Linguistic variable is linguistic unit or a sociolinguistic has variant in lexical and grammatical, but are most often phonological. For instance British English is (h) which stands for the presence or absence of /h/ in words such as hammer, house and hill. Chicano English the levelling of past tense be in ‘We was there,’ (Llamas et al., 2007). There are seven criteria of language 1.Standardization: Codification of language: grammars, spelling books, dictionaries, literature. It is possible to teach. To make standardization, it require choosing one elite vernacular and it can be prestigious 2.Vitality : the existence of a living community of speakers. 3.Historicity : a particular group of people finds their identity by using a particular language 4.Autonomy : Other speakers of a language must be felt different from other languages 5.Reduction : particular variety may be regarded as a sub-variety rather than as an independent entity. 6.Mixture : Feelings about the purity or lack of purity of variety 7.De facto norms : speakers recognize as ‘good’ speakers and ‘poor’ speakers and that the good speakers represent the norms of proper usage. QUESTIONS 1.Why being related social background rather than geographical background and effect ? 2.Can you show more example the main reference of regional dialect and social dialect? 3.What is the different language, dialect and accent? ANSWER 1.Social : activity everyday Geographical : social We must know what is the different from social background and geographical background. Effect : maybe we can forget about our language(first language). 2.Regional dialect based on their regional for example in Sumatra Barat used Minang language in java used java language. Social dialect based on our language in every activities for example language between friends, teacher and students, parents. 3.Language : a body of word and the systems for their use common to people who are of the same community or nation. Dialect : type of language spoken consist of grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation. Ok...I think that's all from me thank you so much. GOD BLESS US

Sociolinguistics(introduction to sociolinguistics)

“INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLINGUISTICS” Hello guys…. How’s life? May God always bless your life….. Well, in this opportunity I’m going to explain about INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLINGUISTICS Let’s check it out..... Sociolinguistics is the study of the relationship between language and society. And than I will give more definition from some expert Definition Sociolinguistic by Expert 1) William Labov has called sociolinguistics secular linguistics, "in reaction to the contention among many linguists working in a broadly Chomskyanframework that language can be dissociated from its social functions" (Key Thinkers in Linguistics and the Philosophy of Language, 2005). 2) Rubén Chacón-Beltrán In An Introduction to Sociolinguistics (2013), observes that in sociolinguistics “the stress is placed on language and its role within communication. Sociology of language, however, centers on the study of society and how we can understand it through the study of language.” There are two type of sociolinguistics that is Sociolinguistics and sociology of language ,I will give the definition one by one, the first is sociolinguistics are it’s main focus in society on language, ini menjelaskan tentang efek dari penggunaan bahasa terhadap lingkungan social baik menggunakan bahasa formal dan juga bahasa sehari-hari and Sociology of language it’s main focus is language effect on society ini menggunakan bahasa gaul atau bahasa yang digunakan anak zaman now . Important concepts in Sociolinguistic 1) Standard Language 2) Non Standard Language 3) Accent 4) Dialect 5) Jargon 6) Slang The are three question from audiences 1. Can you give examples from the type of sociolinguistics and sociology language ? 2. Why dialect and accent fit into sociolinguistics ? 3. What is the different accent and dialect ? Answer : 1. Sociolinguistics : tergantung place and situation ini menggunakan bahasa sehari-hari dan juga bahasa formal . Sociology of language : efek atas penggunaan bahasa terhadap lingkungan social (slang,bahasa alay,bahasa gaul) 2. Because in sociolinguistics we learn about relationship between social and language. And sociolinguistics can check how to use language in different social context. 3. Accent : wilayah => nada bicaranya yang berbeda Dialect : lebih kekesopanan, formal => geografis atau daratan Ok guys.. I think that’s all , thank you so much for your time to read my blog , bye bye …… GOD BLESS US

CONNOTATION, DENOTATION AND IMPLICATION

• ·     The definition of denotation, connotation and implication

Denotation is when you mean what you say, literally. Connotation is created when you mean something else, something that might be initially hidden. The connotative meaning of a word is based on implication, or shared emotional association with a word. Greasy is a completely innocent word: Some things, like car engines, need to be greasy. But greasy contains negative associations for most people, whether they are talking about food or about people. Often there are many words that denote approximately the same thing, but their connotations are very different. Innocent and genuine both denote an absence of corruption, but the connotations of the two words are different: innocent is often associated with a lack of experience, whereas genuine is not. Connotations are important in poetry because poets use them to further develop or complicate a poem's meaning.

• ·       Connotation and Implication

 

A connotation can just be an idea that we associate with another word, phrase or sentence. So for example the phrase bucket and spade will have connotations of beaches, sunshine, childhood, seaside holidays and so forth. If you're writer and you want to talk about a grave-robber stealing a body from a cemetery, you probably won't want to say:

He picked up his bucket and spade.

There's nothing wrong with the grammar of this sentence, but when you say bucket and spade it might make people think about happy things, not grave, serious and scary ones. It's probably important for your story for people to be a little bit scared, not happy and comfortable. Notice that nobody would think that the grave-robber was at the beach in that sentence. It is just that using that phrase will make people think about beaches for a second.

An implication is something slightly different. If I imply something, I am saying something specific to somebody, without actually using that sentence this might be an accident. We might not want the listener to have this idea. Usually, an implication is a proposition - something that can be expressed as a sentence. So for example, if I say:

• ·         If you don't do your homework, you won't get any ice cream.

then I am implying that:

• ·         If you do your homework you will get some ice-cream.

But notice that I did not say that. That second sentence is not part of what I said. If I am a mean and horrible person, I may have deliberately tricked you. But I did not lie. The truth may well be that:

• ·         If you don't do your homework you won't get any ice-cream and if you do your homework, you still won't get any ice-cream.

 

The reason might be for example, that you are not allowed ice-cream because you're allergic to dairy products. Notice that if I say the whole of the last example, the implication is cancelled. We no longer think that the speaker will give any ice-cream to anyone if the homework is done. We can cancel implications easily. It is difficult to cancel connotations. We may still be reminded of something, like holidays, for example, even if the actual word or phrase is being used in a completely different way.

• ·       Definition Of Denotation And Connotation By Expert

    a.  Denotation

According to Abdul Chaer (2003:292), a denotation is a real meaning of a lexeme. Denotation is one of the types of meaning that is explained in semantics. The explanation of denotation by Abdul Chaer is similar with the one by O’Grady (1997:273), that denotation is a semantic attempt to equate the meaning of a word or phrase with the entities; and Richards (1985:76), that denotation is the part of the meaning of a word or phrase that relates it to the phenomena in the real world or in a fictional or possible word  which all of them point out that the denotation meaning is quiet the same as a dictionary or lexical meaning. For example, the denotation of the word lean (kurus) corresponds to the condition of someones body which is smaller than a normal size.

   b.  Connotation

    According to Abdul Chaer (2003:292), a connotation is a different meaning which is “added” to the last denotation meaning that is related with a sense from a person or group that uses the word.

Connotation is another type of meaning that is also learned in semantics. But  according to Abdul Chaer, the connotation meaning is divided into a neutral, positive, and negative one. For example, the word lean (kurus) has a neutral connotation, which means that it does not have an unfavorable sense.

But the word slender (ramping), which is the synonym of lean, has a positive connotation which is a favorable sense. On the contrary, the word thin (kerempeng), which is the synonym from thin and slender, has a negative connotation, an unfavorable sense.

From the example that is given above, the word lean, slender, and thin can be concluded that in a denotation meaning, three of them have the same meaning, but three of them have different connotations; lean is a neutral connotation, slender is a positive connotation, and thin is a negative connotation.

If conceptual meaning remains the same forever, connotative meaning may change from one time to another. Connotative meaning may also differ from one society to another because meanings have many other characteristics which different people associate with.

• ·       The difference between Connotation and Denotation

 

1.     Denotation

•   It refers to the primary, literal meaning or the dictionary meaning of a word.

•   Denotation is not thus classified.

•    It remains the same regardless of culture and personal experiences.

2.   Connotation

•   It refers to the personal and cultural meaning in addition to their primary, literal meaning of a word.

•    It can be classified as positive connotation and negative connotation.

•   It can change according to culture and personal experiences.
  
  

Conclusion

In the normal uses of these words, a connotation is an association that we have with a word, phrase or sentence. It is not necessarily a proposition. It is not usually the kind of idea we can express in a sentence.

In contrast, an implication is usually a proposition. It is an idea we could express as a sentence. Sometimes the listener may want us to understand this proposition. Sometimes it may be accidental. We can cancel implications. It is difficult, if not impossible sometimes, to cancel connotations.